Untitled Document

Title	Abstract	Author(s)	Date of Entry	Article Type	Remark
Special Relativity, Misinterpretation of E = Mc2 and Einstein's Theory of General Relativity	Currently, the formula E = mc2 is often misinterpreted as the unconditional equivalence between inertial mass and any type of energy (i.e., m = E/c2). It is shown that, according to Einstein's general relativity, such a claim is incorrect. The root of this problem is due to inadequate understanding of special relativity that produced E = mc2 that, as Einstein clarified, must be understood in terms of energy conservation. For example, the Reissner-Nordstrom metric illustrated that electromagnetic energy and mass are different in terms of gravity...	C. Y. Lo	2006-09-11	Theory
A Hypothesis of the Indivisible Corpuscles	Each carrier of discrete action of so-called wave for the generalized light may be a corpuscle of 7.3725032E-48 gram. It is possible that this kind of corpuscles, in the infinitely large space, evolves to the generalized light, to the particles like electrons and protons, to the field of light between those kinds of particle like electron and proton.	Yinghua LONG	2006-07-25	Theory
Misunderstandings Related to Einstein's Principle of Equivalence and Einstein's Theoretical Errors on Measurements	It is pointed out that Einstein's 1911 preliminary application of the equivalence between acceleration and Newtonian uniform gravity to derive gravitational redshifts was commonly but mistakenly regarded the same as Einstein's principle of equivalence, which has its foundation in theorems of Riemannian geometry and special relativity. Consequently, limitations due to Newtonian gravity shown in such derivations were incorrectly believed as that Einstein's equivalence principle should not only be inadequate to derive the bending of light, but also have questionable validity itself. Moreover, in Einstein's theory of measurements, his in-struments being in free fall states are incorrectly ignored. Consequently, ...	C. Y. Lo P. Morrison	2005-06-17	Theory
Correction to the error the theory of Special Relativity	Special Relativity conclusion has two point: 1, in the system time speed and spatial size, changes along with the relative velocity change; 2, between two system relative velocity are pare relative...	Mihaijiang Songpeiji	2006-04-12	Theory
Misunderstandings Related to Einstein's Principle of Equivalence and Einstein's Theoretical Errors on Measurements	It is pointed out that Einstein's 1911 preliminary application of the equivalence between acceleration and Newtonian uniform gravity to derive gravitational redshifts was commonly but mistakenly regarded the same as Einstein's principle of equivalence, which has its foundation in theorems of Riemannian geometry and special relativity. Consequently, limitations due to Newtonian gravity shown in such derivations were incorrectly believed as that Einstein's equivalence principle should not only be inadequate to derive the bending of light, but also have questionable validity itself. Moreover, in Einstein's theory of measurements, his in-struments being in free fall states are incorrectly ignored. Consequently, ...	C. Y. Lo P. Morrison	2005-06-17	Theory
A NO-SHAPE-SUBSTANCE IS THE PROPAGATING MEDIUM OF LIGHT & A NO-SHAPE-SUBSTANCE IS THE FOUNDATION ALL PHYSICS LAWS DEPEND ON	Through analyzing a variety of physical phenomena ,the author bings up a special kind of substance — No-Shape-Substance .The author believes that this matter is the medium through which light propagates and the foundation on which all laws of motion of a body depend ... In this paper, through analyzing the interaction between the moving body and the No-Shape-Substance, we have a newer and better understanding of such physical laws or concepts as inertial mass, Newton’s Second Law, kinetic energy equation, mass-energy equation and momentum. And then we uncover the essence of the physical laws.	JI QI	2005-03-01	Theory
The Gravitational 'Plane Waves' of Liu & Zhou and the Nonexistence of Dynamic Solutions for Einstein's Equation	Although both the electromagnetic wave and the gravitational wave can be produced approximately from Maxwell-type equations, there are subtle differences in their respective exact equations. Since a wave carries energy-momentum, a gravitational wave carries also a source. Thus, the exact field equation of a gravitational wave must have a nonzero source term along its path, whereas a field equation for an electromagnetic wave does not...	C. Y. Lo	2004-09-25	Theory
On Interpretations of Hubble's Law and the Bending of Light	Currently, Hubble’s law is often considered as the observational evidence of an expanding universe. However, Hubble himself concluded in 1936 that the Galaxies are actually stationary. It is shown that Hubble’s Law need not be related to the notion of a new kind of Doppler redshifts of the light from “receding” Galaxies. It is pointed out, in the derivation of the “receding velocity”, an implicit assumption that implies no expansion must be used...	C. Y. Lo	2004-07-26	Theory
On the Quantum Structure of Field and the Dynamical Interpretation of Thermodynamics Second Law	Through the hypothesis of quantum structure for gravitational field, this article has derived the conclusion that there is no essential difference between gravitational and electromagnetic fields, and the strength of field is irrelevant with the material which generates the field. The gravitational field equation and the electromagnetic field equation derived in this article both are consistent with the general theory of relativity, also these equations can return to the classics under the extreme condition...	Jianmin XU	2004-05-09	Theory
The de Sitter Precession Formulas for Gravity Probe-B and The Question of Physical Gauge in General Relativity	According to Einstein, a gauge is related to the time dilation and the space contractions, and thus a physically realizable gauge should be unique for a given frame of reference. However, a current unverified belief is that the formula for the de Sitter preces-sion is independent of whether the gauge is harmonic or Schwarzschild. It is shown though explicit calculations that these two gauges lead to different formulas that are, in principle, experimentally distinguishable. Thus, once again general relativity is pro-ven not gauge invariant..	C. Y. Lo	2004-04-20	Theory
Mistakes and Revision of Classical Mechanics	This paper, starting from the experiment, through the physics analysis and logical inference, verifies that our predecessors mistakenly regarded the gravity of an object as its inertial mass. This paper also makes the necessary revision to those mistakes, and proceeds to lead to a series of important discovery.	Ziran ZHANG	2004-04-19	Theory
ON CRITICISMS OF EINSTEIN’S EQUIVALENCE PRINCIPLE	Einstein’s equivalence principle was initially the equivalence of an accelerated frame and uniform gravity. In spite of being often challenged, Einstein insisted on the fundamental importance of his equivalence principle to general relativity. It is shown that existing criticisms, starting from Synge and Fock, are due to misunderstanding and misconceptions in physics, and/or inconsistent considerations. These include the misinterpretations of Pauli, Bergmann, Tolman, Landau & Liftshitz, Zel’dovich & Novikov, Dirac, Wheeler, Thorne, Hawking, and others. It has been overlooked that Einstein’s equivalence principle implies uniqueness of the gauge for a given frame of reference...	C. Y. Lo	2004-03-08	Theory
Experimental Confirmation for the Rotational Effect of Light Source	The light can cause the photocell to generate the electric current. After the light source rotates, or the light goes through a rotating transparent medium, or the light is reflected by a rotating reflective medium, the data of current and light-pressure, etc. produced by the photocell due to the light is different from the data for the stationary light source. This phenomenon is called the rotational effect of light source...	LIU, Wu-qing	2004-03-02	Experiment
Deep analysis of new dlements 115th and 113th	The scientists of Russia and U.S.A. declared that the elements 115th and 113th had been discovered. It only said that the elements Americium was bombarded by an isotope of Calcium, a new element 115th was born and then decayed into 113th in a few microsecond. Because the state of affairs are so lack of detail, to describe it exactly is rather difficult. In order to adapt the true circumstance, here propose two reactive processes...	Guan-yao Tseng	2004-02-24	Theory
On the Structure of Particles and the Nature of Nuclear Forces	This paper has proposed a theoretical idea to construct particles by using electron, positron, neutrino and anti-neutrino as well as the weak force interaction among them; it has theoretically estimated the radii of neutron and proton as well as the range and strength of so-called nuclear force, also has explained the reason for the feature of saturation and short-range of nuclear force and various nuclear reactions.	Yin-bing ZHOU	2004-01-12	Theory
On Four-dimensional Time	This paper Proofs time is four dimensions from the foundation of theory, the foundation of experiment and the popular explanation of four dimension times 。This paper explains time can be flowed backwards in microcosm, overthrow the conception of only one-dimensional time. In intuition the theory of relativity, we personally see the time - space spin and the special and general theories of relativity is correct.	Run shu zhang	2004-01-12	Theory
The Research of Universal Gravitation & The Deduction of Gravitational Formula	This paper builds a new gravitational theoretical model on a kind of new ideal, and deduces a new gravitational formula. According to first approximate degree of the new formula, the Inverse Square Law is correct and it is consistent with Newton’s gravitational formula. In a general way, action force isn’t equivalent to counteraction force and the gravitational constant is not always a constant in the new formula...	Luo Pingan	2003-12-08	Theory
The Bending of Light Ray and Unphysical Solutions in General Relativity	In general relativity, according to Einstein, a gauge is related to the time dilation and the space contractions, and thus a physi-cally realizable gauge should be unique for a given frame of reference. Since more than one metric solution for the same frame can produce the same deflection angle, this means that an invalid space-time metric can produce the correct deflection angle for a light rays.	C. Y. Lo	2003-10-21	Theory
Improved Newton's Formula of Universal Gravitation	By using the movement equation of planet derived by general relativity, this paper presents the improved formula of universal gravitation.By using this formula, the accurate solution for the problem of gravitational deflection of photon orbit around the sun and the problem of advance of Mercury's perihelion can be given.	Fu Yuhua	2003-09-08	Theory
False Special Relativity	Analyze derivation processes and questions of Lorentz transformation.Find that special relativity based upon Lorentz transformation is not correct, and relative speed between two objects may be faster than speed of light.	Zifeng Li	2003-08-28	Theory
Arguments against Positive-Negative Charge	It is believed that, in general relativity, the choice of a gauge is still arbitrary even after the frame of reference has been chosen. For instance, it is well known that the Schwarzschild solution and the isotropic solution are considered to be physically equivalent...	C. Y. Lo	2003-08-22	Theory
Arguments against Positive-Negative Charge	The revolution of Quantum theory against classical electromagnetism has a long way to go. The concept of positive-negative charge originates from the false cognition on the properties of microscopic particles...	Luren	2003-07-22	Theory
Local Light Speeds and The Question of Gauge in General Relativity	It is believed that, in general relativity, the choice of a gauge is still arbitrary even after the frame of reference has been chosen. Accordingly, it is proposed to measure the directional difference of local light speeds at the surface of the earth to decide which metric is more realistic.	C. Y. Lo	2003-06-12	Theory
Is there any confusion in the theory of relativity? New Classical Physics	Relativity theory is great. Its greatness is due to the more profound and complex characters of the relativity but not solely to its description of space-time transforming. The former character makes relativity agree secretly with the nature of physics laws.	JI QI	2003-01-10	Theory
Separation of Optic Interference in Imagery	In this paper an imaging system can be used to separate the interference beam in Thomas Young Interference Experiments. Then we will observe the change in the position and energy distribution of imagery. This is a new phenomenon to be discussed.	changqing situ	2003-01-09	Experiment
On Experimental Verification of Einstein's Equivalence Principle and Space-Time Coordinate Systems in General Relativity	Einstein's equivalence principle requires that a free falling observer result in a co-moving local Minkowski space as a spaceship under only the influence of gravity.However, a "free fall" in a Lorentz manifold may not uniquely result in a local Minkowski space, and a Lorentz manifold with a non-constant metric need not imply the existence of static acceleration. Thus, Einstein's equivalence principle, different from Pauli's version,.....	C.Y. Lo	2002-12-12	Theory
A COUNTER EXAMPLE FOR THE HARMONIC "GAUGE CONDITION" IN GENERAL RELATIVITY	It is pointed out that the applicability of the harmonic gauge has never been generally established if the resulting coordinate system is expected to be physically realizable.	C.Y. Lo David P. Chan Richard C.Y. Hui	2002-08-30	Theory
Structures of Atomic Nuclei	This thesis insists that the nucleus consists of some definite different groups of nucleon. It is just the play of them, which initiates variant processes in the nucleus, that correlate to the recombination of mass.	GUAN-YAO TSENG	2002-05-14	Theory
On what is Einstein's equivalence principle and how to apply it	Einstein's equivalence principle was initially expressed in terms of the equivalence of an accelerated frame and uniform gravity. The application of Einstein's equivalence principle is pointed out that Pauli's version, which ignores physical requirements beyond the metric signature, leads to theoretical difficulties and claims that disagree with observation. Therefore, it is urged that theories based on Pauli's version be reviewed.	C. Y. Lo	2002-04-15	Theory
The electromagnetic field tense Of the light quantum field theory	In this article with the strict mathematics derivation from the distribution, vibration, momentum, angular momentum, energy etc. of the light quantum system, it has been proved that the electromagnetism appearance is a mechanics course of the light quantum system , that is the first time in history . What is the isospin? What is the vector potential? What is the magnetic field intensity?	Wen Liang Ruan	2002-03-07	Theory
Explore `spin` deep going	With the strict mathematics process to reveal the veil of intrinsic mysterious-"spin" in a puzzle. In this text, the secret of "spin" has been revealed.That would set a theoretical basis for the research of light quantum system as well as the particle physics.	Wen Liang Ruan	2002-02-26	Theory
The Meaning of Four-dimensional Time	The concept of only One-dimensional time is wrong, time have four-dimension .The light refraction emerges directly that time is four-dimensional to us perfectly. It translates some thing incomprehensible into easily comprehensible in natural science, and translates some problems complex into easy.	Shu Run Zhang	2002-02-20	Theory
On the Incompatibility of Gravitational Radiation with the 1915 Einstein Equation	It is shown that the 1915 Einstein equation is incompatible with the physical notion that a wave carries away energy-momentum. This proof is compatible with that Maxwell-Newton Approximation (the linear field equation for weak gravity), and is supported by the binary pulsar experiments....	C. Y. Lo	2001-12-13	Theory
The Equivalence Principle, the Covariance Principle and the Question of Self-Consistency in General Relativity	The equivalence principle, which states the local equivalence between acceleration and gravity, requires that a free falling observer must result in a co-moving local Minkowski space. On the other hand, covariance principle assumes any Gaussian system to be valid as a space-time coordinate system.	C. Y. Lo	2001-09-25	Theory
ON WHAT IS EINSTEIN'S EQUIVALENCE	The "Einstein elevator" thought experiment is commonly used in the formulation of Einstein' equivalence principle. This is challenged by theorists based on the notion of a "true" gravitational field characterized by the non-vanishing curvature. ....	C. Y. Lo	2001-08-22	Theory